In the many small things that you will discover about yourself, two themes will emerge. The first theme is that you are complex. This means that your thoughts and actions have many causes--we are multi-determined--such as biological, intra-psychic, or environmental. Thus, for example, you cannot say that the cause of mental retardation is brain damage because the social environment in which the brain-damaged individual is brought up strongly affects the person, as does the person's present environment
The second theme that you will notice is that people are similar to each other and yet different from each other. Biologically we are alike, we develop in similar ways, and we interact with our social context in similar ways. Yet we are not identical. For every statement that is true about people generally, there is a range of individual differences underneath. In other words, Each of us is unique.
Sometimes when you discover something new about yourself, you will feel that it is not very surprising. You may feel that you knew what was "discovered" all along. In the world of psychology,this is called the hindsight bias. The hindsight bias is the feeling you get after you learn something new, that you knew it all along.
Many fields of knowledge can offer you a subjective understanding of human behaviour. Art, literature, and religion are good examples of subjective approaches that can give you important information about yourself or others.But, because it uses the scientific method psychology offers you two things that no other field can:
- First, a set of objective facts about how you think, feel, and behave.
- Second, theories and insights, based on objective facts, that attempt to explain in objective terms WHY--the cause--you think, feel, and act as you do.
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