Core
beliefs of Buddhism:
Buddhism,
like most of the great religions of the world, is divided into a number of
different traditions. However, most traditions share a common set of
fundamental beliefs.
One
fundamental belief of Buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation -- the concept
that people are reborn after dying. In fact, most individuals go through many
cycles of birth, living, death and rebirth. A practicing Buddhist
differentiates between the concepts of rebirth and reincarnation.
In
reincarnation, the individual may recur repeatedly.
In
rebirth, a person does not necessarily return to Earth as the same entity ever
again. He compares it to a leaf growing on a tree. When the withering leaf
falls off, a new leaf will eventually replace it. It is similar to the old
leaf, but it is not identical to the original leaf. After many such cycles, if
a person releases their attachment to desire and the self, they can attain
Nirvana. This is a state of liberation and freedom from suffering.
The
Three Trainings or Practices consist of:
Sila:
Virtue, good conduct, morality. This is based on two fundamental principles:
The
principle of equality: that all living entities are equal. The principle of
reciprocity -- to do onto others as you would wish them to do onto you. IT IS
FOUND IN ALL MAJOR RELIGIONS.
·
Samadhi:
Concentration, meditation, mental development. Developing one's mind is the
path to wisdom which in turn leads to personal freedom. Mental development also
strengthens and controls our mind; this helps us maintain good conduct.
·
Prajna:
Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment. This is the real heart of
Buddhism. Wisdom will emerge if your mind is pure and calm.
The
first two paths listed in the Eightfold Path, described below, refer to
discernment; the last three belong to concentration; the middle three are
related to virtue.
The
Four Noble Truths:
The
Buddha's Four Noble Truths explore human suffering. They may be described
(somewhat simplistically) as:
·
Dukkha:
Suffering exists: (Suffering is real and almost universal. Suffering has many
causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure, the impermanence of pleasure.)
·
Samudaya: There is a cause for suffering. (It
is the desire to have and control things. It can take many forms: craving of
sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid unpleasant HURT sensations,
like fear, anger or jealousy.)
·
Nirodha:
There is an end to suffering. (Suffering ceases with the final liberation of
Nirvana (a.k.a. Nibbana). The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and
non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or craving.)
·
Magga:
In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path.
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